News
New Symantec Report Reveals Booming Underground Economy
November 2008 by Marc Jacob
Symantec Corp. released its Report on the Underground Economy. The report details an online underground economy that has matured into an efficient, global marketplace in which stolen goods and fraud-related services are regularly bought and sold, and where the estimated value of goods offered by individual traders is measured in millions of pounds. The report is derived from data gathered by Symantec’s Security Technology and Response (STAR) organisation, from underground economy servers between July 1, 2007 and June 30, 2008.
The potential value of total advertised goods observed by Symantec was more than £184 million ($276 million) for the reporting period. This value was determined using the advertised prices of the goods and services and measured how much advertisers would make if they liquidated their inventory.
Credit card information is the most advertised category of goods and services on the underground economy, accounting for 31 percent of the total. While stolen credit card numbers sell for as little as 7pence ($0.10) to £17 ($25) per card, the average advertised stolen credit card limit observed by Symantec was more than £2,650 ($4,000). Symantec has calculated that the potential worth of all credit cards advertised during the reporting period was £3.53 billion ($5.3 billion).
The popularity of credit card information is likely due to the many ways this information can be obtained and used for fraud; credit cards are easy to use for online shopping and it’s often difficult for merchants or credit providers to identify and address fraudulent transactions before fraudsters complete these transactions and receive their goods. Also, credit card information is often sold to fraudsters in bulk, with discounts or free numbers provided with larger purchases.
The second most common category of goods and services advertised was financial accounts at 20 percent of the total. While stolen bank account information sells for between £6.50 ($10) and £650 ($1,000), the average advertised stolen bank account balance is nearly £26,700 ($40,000). Calculating the average advertised balance of a bank account together with the average price for stolen bank account numbers, the worth of the bank accounts advertised during this reporting period was £1.1 billion ($1,7 billion). The popularity of financial account information is likely due to its potential for high payouts and the speed at which payouts can be made. In one case, financial accounts were cashed out online to untraceable locations in less than 15 minutes.
During the reporting period, Symantec observed 69,130 distinct active advertisers and 44,321,095 total messages posted to underground forums. The potential value of the total advertised goods for the top 10 most active advertisers was £10.8 million ($16.3 million) for credit cards and £1.3 million ($2 million) for bank accounts. Furthermore, the potential worth of the goods advertised by the single most active advertiser identified by Symantec during the study period was £4.2 billion ($6.4 billion).
The underground economy is geographically diverse and generates revenue for cybercriminals who range from loose collections of individuals to organised and sophisticated groups. During this reporting period, EMEA hosted the second largest number of such servers, with 38 percent of the total; with North America being first with 45 percent. Asia/Pacific hosted 12 percent and Latin America 5 percent. The geographical locations of underground economy servers are constantly changing to evade detection.
